Wednesday, June 11, 2014

Maya, the world as we perceive it to be real


 

According to Vedic philosophy, Maya (that which veils Reality) is a simple statement of facts. Yet what we are and what we see around us, time, space, and causation, constrain the intellect from what is real and thus leave many questions unanswered.

 

For example we cannot explain the relationship of the world to the Ultimate Reality and the reason for this is Maya.

 

In a state of ordinary awareness, we think the world to be real. But even a mirage, as we know, can appear to be real until we discover its actual nature.

Radhakrishnan, (One of India's most influential scholars of comparative religion and philosophy 1930) said that the world is unreal but it is not illusory.

Others, like Shankara say the world is not real, it is illusory; as it is not what it appears to be.

Shankara stated: “Maya is most strange. Her nature is inexplicable, only Brahman is real; the world is an illusory appearance. When we awaken to out true Self, we are led beyond the level where we need to question. We are then led into the realm where we can experience the answer. Only when realizing what and who we are, will the whole world of appearance will be lost.”

 

In ordinary consciousness we cannot explain the relation of the world to the Ultimate Reality because of Maya.

 

Radhakrishnan gives the example of a rope and a snake to illustrate his point. In the dark we can mistake the rope for snake the same way as we can mistake Ultimate Reality for this world.

 

This world does not exist just as the snake does not exist.

Once the illusion of the snake is over, the rope reappears. Similarly, once the illusion of plurality of these innumerable forms and names is over, formless Reality reappears. Maya can thus be understood, again, in the infinite expressing itself as the finite.

 

Doctrine of Karma Cause and Effect Chain

 

According to the doctrine of Karma, for every morally determinate thought, word or action, there will be a corresponding Karmic compensation, if not in this life, probably in some future life.

The cause-effect chain is the counterpart of the physical law of uniformity in the moral and physical world.

 The ideal in the conservation of moral energy is present, when energy is focused on doing the work and doing it well and not wasting it by bothering about the outcomes (Radhakrishnan, 1929).

(There are two causal laws or principles namely, the law of uniformity of nature and the law of causation. The law of uniformity holds that the same cause will produce the same effect under similar circumstances while the law of causation states that every event has a cause).

According to the doctrine of Karma the smallest to the biggest event is an effect with an earlier cause. An effect seen today must have had a cause yesterday and a cause today must have an effect tomorrow. Our thoughts and actions of today are causes with effects for tomorrow and each cause will have its own separate effect or effects.

 

It is the doer or the thinker who ultimately bears the consequences of this cause-effect chain. Even though normally one may not be able to perceive the link in every case, it exists nonetheless.

 

The question is, who is the doer that will reap the results?

 

There are also collective Karmas affecting groups, organizations, and nations. The cause-effect chain is a blind, unconscious principle governing the whole universe. It is a mechanical law. It is, thus, generally equated to fatalism and is said to engender passivity. However, Radhakrishnan (1929) negates this by claiming that it inspires hope for the future and resignation for the past. Actually, if rightly understood, it does not discourage moral effort. It only says that every act is the inevitable outcome of the preceding conditions and, thus, one can work upon one’s present situation for a better future.

It is vital to know, that through free will and self-determination one can overcome the basic law of cause-effect.

Contemlation



Contemplation is beyond words

It is beyond speech and

It is beyond concepts

Contemplation can lead one to the highest

Intellectual and spiritual life

It leads one to be fully awake

Yet fully active

Fully aware of subtler inner dimensions

It leads one into the realm of spiritual wonder

When we contemplate peace in ourselves, we discover

That we cannot be at peace with others

Until we are at peace with ourselves, still

We are not at peace with ourselves

Until we realize that the source of peace is God,

A peace, which is beyond all understanding.

We can realize this peace in ourselves through the practice of

Contemplation, meditation and samadhi

Or total absorption in peace.

Consciousness continued


In Western thought consciousness is identified with the mind, and the mind is identified with the brain.

In the yoga teachings, consciousness is independent of the mind; consciousness exists by itself as a self-luminous entity.

In Western thought, right from Plato, human personality has been regarded as consisting of body and mind. The mind itself is called the soul and spirit.

In yoga human personality is regarded as consisting of body, mind and Self or soul.

In Western thought consciousness is characterized by directness, which is always conscious of something.

In yoga, consciousness is known as Chit, Chaitanya, Self, Atman etc. It is pure content less awareness; it is absolute self-awareness which transcends the senses.

In Western thought consciousness and knowledge are regarded as the same. To know is to be conscious.

In yoga consciousness and knowledge are not the same.

In Western thought there is no clear distinction between life and consciousness. This is the primary reason why brain processes are identified with consciousness.

From the yoga point of view, consciousness is transcendent reality and the brain is only an instrument through which consciousness manifests itself. Apart from brain processes, there are various other physiological processes like protein synthesis, immune response, intercellular communication, etc. which all show inherent intelligence.

In yoga all these processes are regarded as functions of prana, whereas consciousness manifests itself through them.

In yoga consciousness is regarded as having two dimensions, the transcendent and the immanent.

Transcendent and immanent

Chit, consciousness is considered beyond the senses and the mind and thus cannot be expressed properly. Its transcendent nature is indicated by such phrases as ‘the Light of all lights, the Truth of truths, and the Awareness of awareness’.

However, chit, consciousness is not just transcendent; it also constitutes the real nature of the true Self or the Atman. The knowledge of the body and mind obtained by various disciplines of modern science, such as neuroscience, molecular biology; psychology etc. is actually knowledge of the immanent aspect of consciousness

Consciousness Explored


Consciousness has three approaches: Experimental, this realm belongs to scientist, Expositional, the domain of the philosophers and Experiential, the area belonging to the mystics.

It was Ramakrishna’s realization that the entire universe is immersed in the ocean of consciousness and that there is no distinction between matter and spirit in the realm of super consciousness.

Both Ramakrishna and swami Vivekananda declared that the Consciousness is one and indivisible and that is the Transcendental or Cosmic Consciousness. This realization has a profound socio-religious implication according to Swami Vivekananda, since in all religions the superconscious state is identical.

Christian, Hindus, Islam, Buddhists, and even those of no creed, all can have the same experience. He also said that Individual Consciousness and Cosmic Consciousness are one and the same. The highest plane of consciousness, the one superior to self consciousness is samadhi or superconsciousness.

Super mind and Evolution according to Aurobindo

Aurobindo states that the expansion of the mind to levels not yet dreamed of is possible and probable. He states that the evolution from knowledge to greater knowledge, from consciousness to greater consciousness, from being to greater being is ongoing. This implies that the evolution of the human being is far from complete; in a sense that would imply that a human being is a transitional being and has yet to evolve to its full potential. On how this can be attained, he states, is by human effort through yoga and meditation.

 

 

Evolution and us

Geoffrey Miller of the University of New Mexico, author of ‘The Mating Mind’ believes that the rate of human evolution is accelerating. Philosopher Daniel Dennett (2006) Tuft University Boston stated: ‘But I expect that Homo sapiens are evolving at a rather swift state.’

These thoughts find some support from empirical studies. James Flynn (1980) of the University of Otagom, Dunedin, New Zealand, a political scientist stated that, in 20 countries that he documented to date a rise of about 20 IQ points happens every 30 years. If everyone who took an IQ test today, using the norms set 50 years ago, more than 90% of them would be classified as geniuses, with an IQ of 130 and higher. Similarly if peoples scores were taken around 1949 using today’s norms, over 90% would be labelled ‘borderline mentally retarded’ with IQ below 70 or so.

JBS Haldane (was a British geneticist and evolutionary biologist) quoted that in about a million years, the average person would think like Newton, write like Jean Racine, (great playwrights of 17th-century France), Paint like Jan Van Eck (Flemish painter), compose like Bach and be incapable of hatred like St. Francis.

What do culture, spirituality and religion have to do with this evolutionary process?

According to Christopher Wills (Christopher J. Wills is Professor of Biology at UCSD. He received his Ph.D. from UC Berkeley), it is in intellectual and psychological areas that our culture generates the greatest advancement and diversity. He states, that rather than slowing us down, our culture has probably propelled us into developing at unprecedented speeds. Whether or not culture has shaped our biology in the past, John Campbell of UCLA (The moral imperative of man's future evolution, Evolutionary Journeys, R. Wesson and P. Williams, editors, 1995; 79-114.) thinks we will soon consciously control our own evolution.

Can human beings influence the enhancement of their consciousness or mind?

Samuel Alexander

1859 - 1938

Professor of Philosophy, University of Manchester

Lectures

1916–1918: Space, Time, and Deity, vol. 1

1916–1918: Space, Time, and Deity, vol. 2

He states: the cosmic process has reached the human level and man is now looking forward to the next higher quality. According to him men of spiritual advancement are preparing humankind to the next stage of development.

Alexander’s philosophy is called philosophy of emergent evolution. This doctrine implies that in the course of evolution, some entirely new properties, such as life and consciousness, appear at certain critical points, usually because of an unpredictable rearrangement of the already existing entities.

According to Alexander, when physical structures reach a certain point, life emerges as something new.

Ponder this.

Happiness and Love


Consciously or subconsciously most people are in search of happiness. Whether they find it depends to a large degree on where they are looking for it. If we seek it for ourselves alone, it can never be found, for in its most basic way it must be shared with others.

There is a false and momentary happiness in self satisfaction, but it often leads to sorrow since it is based on desire and desires can never be fully satisfied.

True happiness is found in unselfish love, a love which increases the more it is shared. There is no end to the sharing of love and therefore the potential happiness of such love is without limit.

However, there can never be happiness in attachment. It is not enough for love to be shared, it must be shared freely. Yet even if shared freely, it cannot rest perfectly unless it is reciprocal. It also needs to be received.

Non Duality in Christianity


The reason for choosing this topic is that in the first place it is not well understood and therefore in my experience sparsely practiced.

At the first glance the topic appears theoretical and cold, but on further examination we will see it as practical, mind expanding and spiritual.

Promoting Jesus as the example for us to follow gives it life and meaning. We do not need a new religion, but we need to go deeper into it.

Western Judeo-Christians are often uncomfortable with the word non-duality. They often associate it negatively with Eastern religions. Through my studies over the years, I became convinced that Jesus was perhaps the first non-dual religious teacher of the West, and one reason we have failed to understand so much of his teaching, much less follow it, is because we tried to understand it with a dualistic mind."

 

In the mystical tradition the Christians and the Vedantists alike come to the same realization. They realize the oneness of their own soul and God, the Soul of the universe.

It is this very experience, which prompted Jesus, to explain at various times to his disciples that he had known the great Unity in which he and the Father of the universe were one:

“If you knew who I am,” he said, "you would also know the Father. Knowing me, you know Him; seeing me, you see Him. Do you not understand that I am in the Father and the Father is in me? It is the Father who dwells in me doing His own work. Understand me when I say that I am in the Father and the Father is in me."

                              John 14:7

This is the same truth that Vedanta speaks of as Non-Dualism, Oneness.

Non-Dualism, the philosophy of absolute Unity, is the central teaching, not only of Vedanta, but of all genuine seers of Truth. Vedanta expresses it as, tat twam asi, “That thou art.”

Once we begin to look at the teachings of Jesus in the light of his “mystical” experience of Unity, we begin to have a much clearer perspective on all the aspects of his life and teachings, which are like those of the various Vedantic sages who’ve taught throughout the ages, that the soul of man is none other than the one with Divinity, none other than God; and that this Divine Identity can be experienced and known through the revelation that occurs inwardly to those who prepare and purify their minds and hearts and contemplate and meditate.

Blessed are the pure in heart: for they shall see God.

                                                         Matthew 5, 1-48.

The words of Jesus are well known to many of us from our childhood and perhaps have lost their impressions on our consciousness as a result of familiarity.

Jesus attempted to explain to us, with the words, “I and the Father are one,” that the “I,” our own inner awareness of Self, is none other than the one Self, the one Awareness, the Lord and Father of us all.

Why, then, are we so unable to see it? Why should it be so hard for us to attain to that purity of heart, which Jesus declared to be so essential to see God? It is probably because we have not really tried to purify our hearts, or we don’t know how to go about doing it.

Jesus went into the wilderness, jeopardizing everything else in his life for this one aim, completely and entire attainment of unity with God.

This does not imply that we need to go into seclusion; all we need to do is to.

“Be still and know that I am God.”

                                             Psalm 46:10

Jesus message to his disciples was by way of explaining to them that his real nature and that of all men is Divine and that the reality of this could be realized directly. Furthermore, he taught them the path, or method, to follow in order to attain this direct realization. Let us look to his words:

In the Gospel book of John, he prayed to God, “O righteous Father, the world has not known Thee, but I have known Thee.”

                                            John 17:25

And, as he sat among the orthodox religious in the Jewish temple, he said, “You say that He is your God, yet you have not known Him. But I have known Him

A vision of God or samadhi is so difficult to convey to those who had not experienced it, Jesus spoke often by way of analogy or metaphor in order to make his meaning clear. He spoke of the experience of seeing God as entering into a realm beyond this world, a realm where only God is. He called this real the kingdom of God.

The Pharisees asked Jesus, “When will the kingdom of God come?” He said, “You cannot tell by signs or by observations when the kingdom of God will come. There will be no saying, 'Look, here it is!' or 'There it is!' For, in fact, the kingdom of God is (experienced) within you.”

Jesus said, “If those who lead you say to you, 'See, the kingdom is in the sky,' then the birds of the sky will have preceded you. If they say to you, 'It is in the sea,' then the fish will precede you. Rather the kingdom is inside of you, and it is outside of you [as well]. When you come to know your Self, then you i.e., your true nature will be known, and you will realize that it is you who are the sons of the living Father. But if you will not know your Self, you live in poverty i.e., you live in the illusion that you are a creature far from God.”

Another of Jesus’ metaphors utilized the terms, Light and darkness to represent the Divinity and the inherent delusion of humankind, respectively:

Jesus said, “The world’s images are manifest to man, but the Light in them remains concealed; within the image is the Light of the Father. He becomes manifest as the images, but, as the Light, He is concealed.”

Then spake Jesus again unto them, saying, I am the light of the world: he that followeth me shall not walk in darkness, but shall have the light of life.

                                                                                                  John 8:12

He said to them, “There is a Light within a man of Light, and It lights up the whole world. If it does not shine, he is in darkness.”

These are terms, which have been used since time immemorial to represent the Divine Consciousness in humankind and the hazy ignorance, which obscures It. In the very first paragraph of the Gospel of John, we find an excellent explanation of these two principles, and their Greek synonyms, Theos and Logos;

"In the beginning was the Word, and the Word, Logos was with God, and the Word was God. He or It was with God in the beginning. All things were made by Him; without Him nothing was made. Within Him was Life, and the Life was the Light of man. And the Light shone in the darkness, but the darkness comprehended It not."

A word of explanation is necessary: These two terms, "Light" and "darkness," are also indicative of the cosmic aspects of Reality; in other words, they are not only the Divine Consciousness in humankind and the darkness of unknowing, but they are, at a higher level, the very Godhead and Its Power of manifestation.

They are those same two principles we have talked about called Brahman and Maya, Purusha and Prakriti, Shiva and Shakti. It is the Godhead, which the light that is within us; it is the manifesting principle, which, in the process of creating evolves into individual soul-mind-body beings, provides us with all the disguise necessary to keep us in the dark as to our infinite and eternal Identity.

Jesus said, If they ask you, ‘Where did you come from?’ say to them, ‘we came from the Light, the place where the Light came into being of Its own accord and established Itself and became manifest through our image.’ If they ask you, ‘Are you It?’ say, ‘We are Its children, and we are the elect of the living Father.’ If they ask you, ‘What is the sign of your Father in you?’ say to them, ‘It is movement and repose (inaction).’

Jesus said, “I am the Light; I am above all that is manifest. Everything came forth from me, and everything returns to me.

Here, Jesus identifies with the Eternal Light; but he seems never to have intended to imply that he was uniquely and exclusively identical with It; it should be clear that his intention was always to convey the truth that all men are, in essence, the transcendent Consciousness, manifest in form:

"Ye are the Light of the world. Let your Light so shine before men, that they may see your good works, and glorify your Father which is in heaven."

                                                                                                               Matthew 5:16

Frequently he declared to his followers that they too would come to the same realization that he had experienced:

 “That which you have (is within you) will save you if you bring it forth from yourselves. That which you do not have within you will destroy you.”

“That which you have” is, of course, the Truth, the Light, and the Divinity who manifests as us. “That which you do not have” refers to the false identity of separate individuality, which is simply a lie. It is the wrong understanding of who we are that limits us, and which prevents us from experiencing the Eternal.

The teaching of the mystics, who have realized the Highest, is “We are the Light of the world!" Thou art That! Identify with the Light, the Truth, for That is who we really are!” We must assume that Jesus’ teachings to his disciples should not be grounded on a mere matter of faith; he wished them to realize this truth for themselves.

And he taught them the method by which he had come to know God. Like all great seers, he knew the means and the end, the One and the many.

Jesus taught also the value and need of devotion, in the connecting principle between the soul and God.

In the words of Jesus to his disciples, we see this same complementarily expression. At one moment, he speaks of dualistic devotion in the form of prayer “Our Father, who art in heaven”; and at another moment he asserts, I am the vine, you are the branches: He that abideth in me, and I in him, the same bringeth forth much fruit: for without me ye can do nothing, John 15. Then again he proclaims, I and my Father are one.  John 10:30. He proclaims his Oneness, his identity, with God. We can see the shift from duality, to qualified non duality, to non duality.

At times, identifying with the One, he asserts that he has the power to grant the experience of Unity “I shall give you what no eye has seen and what no ear has heard and what no hand has touched and what has never occurred to the human mind”(Gospel of Thomas). And at other times, identifying with the human soul, he gives all credit to God, the Father “Why do you call me good? There is no one good but the ONE that is God.”

Jesus also made it clear, that whatever efforts one makes toward God must bear their fruits in this life, and in the lives to come.

And so, throughout his teachings one finds these two, apparently contradictory, attitudes intermingled: the attitude of the Jnani “I am the Light; I am above all that is manifest”); and the attitude of the bhakta, Father, father, why hast Thou forsaken me? These are two voices of the illumined being, describing both, the transcendent Unity and the soul made in the image; he has seen this unity in the mystical experience.

Jesus had experienced the ultimate Truth; and he knew that the consciousness that was as him was the one Consciousness of all. He knew that he was the living Christ Consciousness from which this entire universe is born. This was the certain, truth and yet Jesus found but few who could even comprehend it. Even today church members can’t comprehend it. For the most part, those to whom he spoke were well-meaning religious people who were incapable of accepting the profound meaning of his words. They were too set in their own minds to accept higher truths.

The religious orthodoxy of his time, like all such orthodoxies, fostered a self-serving lip-service to spiritual ideals, and observed all sorts of symbolic rituals, but was entirely ignorant of the fact that the Ultimate Reality could be directly known by a pure and devout soul, and that this was the real purpose of all religious practice.

Jesus realized, of course, that despite the overwhelming influence of the orthodox religionists, still, in his own Judaic tradition, there had been other seers of God, who had known and taught this truth. “I come,” said Jesus, “not to destroy the law (of the Prophets), but to fulfill it.”

Today too, when we look at the world we see many people intoxicated with pride and ignorance; and few in thirsty for Truth. We need to realize the light of the Infinite in us all and let it shine for all to see. We can make a difference, but first we must believe it.

Nature of God


When we pray, we should do so to a concept of God in which God is real to us.

The concept of God is complex and depends on each individual and the tradition and philosophy that is followed.

Yoga teaches that God will respond to any form one prays, as He gives birth to all things.

God Transcendent and Immanent

When we pray, we need to ask ourselves, are we praying or contemplating to God Immanent, or transcendent.

The fundamental difference between transcendent and immanent it that transcendent is about being above and beyond while immanent is about being close and involved.

Theism holds that God exists realistically, objectively, and independently of human thought; that God created and sustains everything; that God is omnipotent and eternal, and is personal, interested and answers prayer. It holds that God is both transcendent and immanent; thus, God is simultaneously infinite and in some way present in the affairs of the world.

“For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways,” declares the LORD. “As the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways and my thoughts than your thoughts.” (Isaiah 55:8–9)

“He through Whom we see,

taste, smell, feel, hear, enjoy,

know everything,

He is that Self.”

                                    Katha Upanishad

 

The Sanatana Dharma

Sanatana-dharma or eternal religion, the teachings duties which take into account one’s spiritual identity as Atman (Self) and are thus the same for everyone.

Hindu philosophy is also divided into several schools of thought, or views, but accepts the Vedas (knowledge) as supreme revealed scriptures.

VEDANTA (end of the Vedas, one’s experience or Self knowledge is the main focus).

Vedanta Yoga

The first teachers who brought Yoga to the West came with the profound teachings of Vedanta as their greatest treasure to share with the world. They presented Vedanta as the philosophy of Self-realization and Yoga as the method by which to achieve it.

Such great masters began with Swami Vivekananda at the end of the nineteenth century and continued with Swami Rama, Paramahansa Yogananda, and the many disciples of Swami Shivananda of Rishikesh. They called their teaching Yoga-Vedanta, which they viewed as a complete science of spiritual growth.

THE PHILOSOPHY OF VEDANTA

Vedanta is a straight forward philosophy. It says that our true Self or it Atman, is an aspect of God. "I am God" (aham brahmasmi) is the supreme truth. The same consciousness that resides at the core of our being pervades the entire universe. To know ourselves is to know God and to become one with all. Vedanta is a philosophy of Self-realization, and its practice is a way of Self-realization through yoga and meditation.

The great sages of modern India were all Vedanta’s. Such as Ramana Maharshi, who emphasized the non-dualistic form of Vedanta and lived a life of direct Self-realization; Ramakrishna, Aurobindo, Anandamayi Ma, Nityananda, and Neem Karoli Baba, (guru of a number of Americans who travelled to India in the 1960s and 1970s, the most well-known being Ram Dass) to mention but a few, were Vedanta’s, using the Vedantic terminology of Self-realization and God-realization.

Vedantic traditions remain strong throughout India today, including many great teachers such as Shankaracharya, who have never come to the West.

Sat, Chit, Ananda

Sat-Chit-Ananda or God-Consciousness, Sat-Chit-Ananda is a triple consciousness. Sat is existence, Chit is consciousness and Ananda is bliss.

To be sure, the Kingdom of Heaven is more than just a mere plane, like other planes. It is a plane of divine Consciousness. It is a state of Realization. It embodies Sat-Chit-Ananda. Sat is divine Existence, Chit is divine Consciousness, and Ananda is divine Bliss.

When we go deep within we feel these three together, and when we acquire the inner vision to perceive them all at once, we live in the Kingdom of Heaven.

God of the bible

(Deuteronomy 4:24 NIV) For the LORD your God is a consuming fire, a jealous God.

Jeremiah 10:10 - But the LORD [is] the true God; he [is] the living God, and an everlasting king: at his wrath the earth shall tremble, and the nations shall not be able to abide his indignation.

Jeremiah 51:15 - He hath made the earth by his power, he hath established the world by his wisdom, and hath stretched out the heaven by his understanding.

Revelation 1:8 - I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty.

(Luke 17:21 NIV) nor will people say, 'Here it is,' or 'There it is,' because the kingdom of God is within you.

(Deuteronomy 4:31 NIV) For the LORD your God is a merciful God; he will not abandon or destroy you or forget the covenant with your forefathers, which he confirmed to them by oath.

(Psalms 33:11-13 NIV) But the plans of the LORD stand firm forever, the purposes of his heart through all generations. {12} Blessed is the nation whose God is the LORD, the people he chose for his inheritance. {13} From heaven the LORD looks down and sees all mankind;

(Acts 10:34 NIV) Then Peter began to speak: "I now realize how true it is that God does not show favoritism

(Romans 14:17 NIV) For the kingdom of God is not a matter of eating and drinking, but of righteousness, peace and joy in the Holy Spirit,

(Ephesians 4:24 NIV) and to put on the new self, created to be like God in true righteousness and holiness.

(1 John 4:16 NIV) And so we know and rely on the love God has for us. God is love. Whoever lives in love lives in God, and God in him.

Revelation 4:11 - Thou art worthy, O Lord, to receive glory and honour and power: for thou hast created all things, and for thy pleasure they are and were created.

Revelation 19:6 - And I heard as it were the voice of a great multitude, and as the voice of many waters, and as the voice of mighty thunderings, saying, Alleluia: for the Lord God omnipotent reigneth.

We can infer from the writings that we need to acknowledge God in whatever He or She is real to us.